Showing posts with label Blackcat MTB. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Blackcat MTB. Show all posts

Thursday, January 17, 2013

Mongolia X Journal 7 // Chasing dust // Mountains Rising // Desolation Angels, Part Two // Microadventure by Brian Peric


X journals continue from my base, the Northface tadpole, a tent I have called home on the road since the summer of 2011 crossing western China (Uighur Autonomous Region, Tian Shan Mountains, Taklamakan Desert, Southern Silk Road to Karlick/Yecheng into the Aksai Chin Mountains and up to Kashgar. I kept using this reliable tent on through Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces, when I shared the tent with two Chinese cycle tourer friends I met who had sleeping bags without a tent, leaving our gear outside to the unknown passerby in the mountains of Yunnan, who would you find there, right? In the middle of the night, the three of us wedged into the 2-person tent, and snuggled up in our sleeping bags, managing two heads up and one head down, voices were roaming through the nylon tent tarp. I was rustled into action, with my blinding 250 lumen Cygolite, I went outside to see what was happening, two Sichuanese men were looking over our locked bikes in unison, under them were our panniers stuffed with electronics, clothing, camping gear - unsecured, apart from looping the locks we had through the bikes and through the pack straps and loops available there to accessorize it. 

These characters were only curious and slipped away over the mountain pass where they came. An hour later, we heard a car crash, Xavier from Shenzhen rose this time and went to find a drunk driver who swerved the corner, went on two wheels and overturned his car on it's side. He asked for assistance, others arrived at the scene and flipped the car over and he drove home. About 0330am, we heard voices for the third time this same night, when we looked outside our tent, there was a coach bus emptying all it's passengers who were squatting doing their business in the field all around us. I thought I saw it all on that one single night of bicycle touring in western China! 

That memory came from a long time ago now, distances and elevations changes, thousands of hours on the saddles going somewhere - this is adventure cycling, these are the kinds of memories that stay with you long after the ride is over, the destination is definitely not the journey itself - the memories, they you can keep over a lifetime.

In Mongolia, we are chasing dust since leaving the bustling capital, Ulaanbaatar. Immediately, this immense terrain greets you in the morning with a cool sun on your back, winds mild, and the scenery painted evergreen once you track yourself on the mountain bike due West out of the capital.

One of the Korean team, from a trio I met a few days ago, has had a flat, his bungee cords are stretched and frayed, with a loose pannier carrier pack by Merida loosely holding on to his rear luggage carrier rack. I stop and tie knots all over his bungee cords in the serviceable sections of the rope, I cut away the fray rubber strands dangling like a pack of pasta. This rider is unprepared, has the latest $1000 smart phone, solar charger, but his MTB is tired and underserviced as are his attachment choices that keep critical gear from "falling away" on the ride. 

I lent a hand today, showing Hak Jun (HK) how to repair the bungee cords, he needs some education whether he wants it or not. HK is too proud, perhaps thinks anything going wrong is "losing face," this characteristic of Korean cultural mentality is ingrained and obvious from the start. Equipment choices can be a $5 bicycle purchased from a yard sale, panniers can be empty rice sacks and twine rope, anything that hauls camping equipment, the wheels don't fall off and stay true after hammering down the road. Hak Jun rides a late model Alton Mountain bike, Korean branded and built in China, this particular model has rim-applied V-brakes, mechanical cable actuated and they are basic, as are all the components on this Alton. Hak Jun has a set of Schwalbe Marathon tires, but they puncture easily and are well worn. Problems are in the wait for him, doesn't carry a spare chain, spare brake pads, spare brake/shifter cables -NOTHING. His friends have earlier model Blackcat's which are also 27-speed Shimano Deore/Alvio component mountain bikes, Korean branded and built in China. What is so different between these models then? Well, the Blackcat is a reliable mountain bike with higher grade components and some upgrades over the Alton mountain bike, namely the mechanical Shimano disc brakes and 160mm rotors. When we are together for the first time a few days ago at ATTILA BICYCLES, Miga Baaska -Mongolian-sponsored racer and part-time mechanic for the shop was assisting me, while I assisted these 3 Amigo Korean mountain bikers. When I completed the rear rack carrier and re-build them using a hybrid combination of two aluminum luggage carrier with steel connecting rods for supports, I asked for 3 sets of Shimano disc brake pads for them as well. Their brakes are as important as the wheels to move and stop moving while across the rough mountains of Mongolia. Visit the country once, ride for a few hours, you will know to think twice about bringing your spare parts along with you.

I built a reliable rack system for the student using the English name Chris.  Another rack was drilled on the night at ATTILA and assembled the following morning- June 28, 2012. I helped them prevent an inevitable breakdown, even suggesting they purchase spare brake pads. Since Shimano entry-level mechanical brake pads do wear out quickly on mountain terrain, I know this - since completing 10,000 kilometers of touring with the same model of Blackcat inside Korea before rebuilding it completely with components from a 2008 Gary Fisher Hifi Deluxe mountain bike, everything part except the frame applied to a 2008 Blackcat aluminum hardtail. (Thanks to AN DAE GI, Mechanic genius and sponsor of both expeditions in his workshop in South Korea). Of course, I know cheap mountain bikes, this is my domain for touring and general XC moutain biking too, I started out exactly that way many years ago. 

Miga Baaska provided 3 sets of brake pads for the 3 Koreans, although 2 of their bikes were disc equipped, one was actually V-brake equipped without seeing the bike, since the owner Hak Jun was already lounging carefree in the Seoul Hotel on Peace Avenue in Ulaanbaatar while his 2 colleagues were scrambling looking for replacement rear carriers at 2200 hours night! A little late for repairs! Until they met me of course, I give myself a pat on the back for helping them - thanks enough, and I found a safe place to sleep for the night. Tomorrow would be a very big day. If we can ride 100 kilometers out of the city without breaking down, hitting an open hole, or being hit by a car - we would be OKAY.

We leave UB behind, following Peace Avenue from the Seoul Hotel, since I am now in a race to keep with the group (they have telecommunications - Galaxy smartphones and we can communicate with my wife in Korea sending updated messages, I need to stick with them as long as possible until I replace my phone somewhere on the road). I knew from the short experience already in Mongolia, Day 1, June 27, 2012 - that I now need to shed as much weight as possible since the roads are horrible in the city, and rough off-road tracks will definitely be no better. In the hasty process of unloading equipment, losing the rear Ortlieb Rollerback classics and all the equipment and clothing inside (including 3/4 of my medical kit and accidentally my water purification systems x2!) I am ready to ride across Mongolia now, no matter what will stand in my way, nature, natural weather conditions and storms...basically, I had no idea (what I don't know at the start would become crucial and critical issues in the next six weeks ahead) all of the big adventure is yet to come, some say "Bring it on!" I just say, "I'm about ready, better get moving, times going, time to go!" My techniques for endurance mountain bike expeditions include: preparation with good quality components built by a licensed mechanic, solid tent/sleeping accessories, spare parts on tour, tools on tour, skills to repair or adjust as needed on expeditions, nutrition needs met, medic supplies, and a setup that I can be comfortable in the saddle for 8 hours a day - all all ingredients of adventure touring.

"Off we turned out onto the concrete roadwork, and quickly paced ourselves out of light traffic since it was early, about 0830 am and we have a whole day ahead of us, sunshine and good weather for a change since yesterday - things are definitely looking up ahead for us all."

Turning out from Peace Avenue onto the West highway, we are now leaving the dusty section of rough pavement and gravel around the factory complexes and rail yards, we are flying out of the concrete jungle into the green lush hills dotted with Ger camps on the hillsides surrounding, we are riding beneath an intensely lit sun dampened only by light dust and overcast smog on the horizon above the city. The breeze is warm and coming in from the northwest, keeping us comfortable and smooth rolling once the pavement begins. The blue skies are appearing from the dust as we ride out, a cloud behind settles down over the city of Ulaanbaatar - we have made it back to the journey.

We roll the smooth pavement and rise and fall from 1350 meters above sea level, the Great plains, the Steppe grasslands take over scenes in all directions. Sheep and goats herd together, and some scatter through the plateau as Nomadic herders ride horseback and keep their flock moving, munching and well exercised. We have a sun high above us at 1200 noon, we rest by a Tibetan Buddhist white stupa, a spiritual center of energy, we visit the memorial site and ride over broken glass, Genghis Gold vodka bottles have been consumed here, shots left as offerings, and the glass broken as prayers are sent.

We camp out riding up dirt tracks, we have grass fields in all directions, the sun slants forward West, it  sends orange glows across the landscape, as light tanned and white cows chew and grace the grassland around us. Boiling rice and ramen noodles, the Koreans set to enjoy kimchi-inspired instant noodles, I mix protein with water and snack on figs and apricots. The sunset swirls into the blue twilight, stars twinkle, coffee is brewed and shared between us, photos taken of the scene until the wind sweeps over the steppe and sends incantations and swills and moans from distant animals and passing herds through the night. The preparation to begin a long journey has now begun, irreversible dreams of the journey ahead begin to take root and rise to the surface at dawn.

Today, we awaken to fire the stove, boil rice and kimchi noodles, I take multi-vitamin supplements and protein, we pack and cycle while the air is cool, the wind is light and scenery and untouched. Across the highway we return from a kilometer away on the plains. We roll smooth and the journey is easy. 

Hak Jun descends after a large climb as the hills turn the altitude up, Mountains take the terrain higher and we speed down the other side. If this sums up the journey mountain bike touring in Mongolia - we are set to make incredible distances, it will be easy. Screeching metal comes together and wails from Hak Jun's front rim brake. We stop, we inspect and see there are no rubber pads left now. He has no spares, and those 3 sets they purchased earlier are useless to him, his bike unseen while rebuilding racks at ATTILA until 2400 hour were all disc, while Hak Jun lounged in his hotel room, I sat outdoors in the dirt with June and Chris, the Korean duo, while doing the rack replacements. In all, I spent 3 hours on their rack replacements customizing them to fit/reinforce them. However, even the foresight for extra brake pads was no use, since the V-brake pads were needed. Here, some 60-70 kilometers out of the central capital, what should we do?

I phoned Naran at ATTILA and asked for assistance. Naran needed some time to finish business at the shop, would make some phone calls, and then let us know. We were standing by the 60 kilometer "blue" marker, they are common on the first 100 kilometers out of Ulaanbaatar. Standing by the marker, I gave Naran our location - since we needed someone to send parts to us, he generously offered support - sending his wife and Miga in her new Toyota Prius on some very hard roads out of the capital. Going back to Ulaanbaatar was near-impossible for four of us, the intense traffic and roads there, it was truly an escape to finally be out - in one piece! We waited, they finally arrived and carried 10 liters of water, Shimano brake pads and extra spares, sunscreen - it was heavenly-I said a big "THANK YOU" and Hak Jun awkwardly mumbled, "thanks...how much?" and paid them solemnly. He was completely down about being rescued - I won't what was the matter with him, really???

We rolled out together, Chris and his friend June accompanied me, while Hak Jun possessed by a determination to get his "lost face" back, the hapless,  black bandana-clad Hak Jun went out to collect the sun darting away with his mountain bike, leaving 3 of us some 30-40 minutes behind. We found Hak Jun hours later, once the glowing amber sun danced it's path into out westward horizon, all the grassland was golden glow, we had survived and arrived at camp on day 3, our last night together.

On the 4th day of my 45 day expedition project of Mongolia, I would part ways with the Korean trio whom showed tremendous loyalty to their embarrassed "Dear Leader." A title of "Dear Leader" illuminates the Confucius persona in Asia, where a leader is hurt or embarrassed, his friends of the same background will continue to follow him loyally. One day he will be taught a lesson in life, if he learned nothing at all from my support and technical assistance at least we can record that the assistance of Naran, Miga, and the team at ATTILA Bicycles, Ulaanbaatar was tremendous support to our teams and THANK YOU for coming out to assist and support us all. That I do want to remember.

The Koreans were now on their own, following the route I shared with them, quite capable despite their serious technical problems. Although we came from the same society in Asia (South Korea) where I have worked for many years in English Foreign language university education, we were quite different in the way we socialize and accept help from others. I provided some skill when they needed it most. They rightly deserve the title, "The Desolation Angels" on the MongoliaX project. 

More adventure journals coming soon! These are my daily thoughts, reflections and experiences written while mountain bike touring across Outer Mongolia.

Thanks for visiting the Korean-World, a blog about Micro-Adventures, Cycling and Exploring from mountain bikes. Hope you enjoy these experiences too!






Mongolia X Journal 7 // Chasing dust // Mountains Rising // Desolation Angels, Part Two // Microadventure by Brian Peric


X journals continue from my base, the Northface tadpole, a tent I have called home on the road since the summer of 2011 crossing western China (Uighur Autonomous Region, Tian Shan Mountains, Taklamakan Desert, Southern Silk Road to Karlick/Yecheng into the Aksai Chin Mountains and up to Kashgar. I kept using this reliable tent on through Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces, when I shared the tent with two Chinese cycle tourer friends I met who had sleeping bags without a tent, leaving our gear outside to the unknown passerby in the mountains of Yunnan, who would you find there, right? In the middle of the night, the three of us wedged into the 2-person tent, and snuggled up in our sleeping bags, managing two heads up and one head down, voices were roaming through the nylon tent tarp. I was rustled into action, with my blinding 250 lumen Cygolite, I went outside to see what was happening, two Sichuanese men were looking over our locked bikes in unison, under them were our panniers stuffed with electronics, clothing, camping gear - unsecured, apart from looping the locks we had through the bikes and through the pack straps and loops available there to accessorize it. 

These characters were only curious and slipped away over the mountain pass where they came. An hour later, we heard a car crash, Xavier from Shenzhen rose this time and went to find a drunk driver who swerved the corner, went on two wheels and overturned his car on it's side. He asked for assistance, others arrived at the scene and flipped the car over and he drove home. About 0330am, we heard voices for the third time this same night, when we looked outside our tent, there was a coach bus emptying all it's passengers who were squatting doing their business in the field all around us. I thought I saw it all on that one single night of bicycle touring in western China! 

That memory came from a long time ago now, distances and elevations changes, thousands of hours on the saddles going somewhere - this is adventure cycling, these are the kinds of memories that stay with you long after the ride is over, the destination is definitely not the journey itself - the memories, they you can keep over a lifetime.

In Mongolia, we are chasing dust since leaving the bustling capital, Ulaanbaatar. Immediately, this immense terrain greets you in the morning with a cool sun on your back, winds mild, and the scenery painted evergreen once you track yourself on the mountain bike due West out of the capital.

One of the Korean team, from a trio I met a few days ago, has had a flat, his bungee cords are stretched and frayed, with a loose pannier carrier pack by Merida loosely holding on to his rear luggage carrier rack. I stop and tie knots all over his bungee cords in the serviceable sections of the rope, I cut away the fray rubber strands dangling like a pack of pasta. This rider is unprepared, has the latest $1000 smart phone, solar charger, but his MTB is tired and underserviced as are his attachment choices that keep critical gear from "falling away" on the ride. 

I lent a hand today, showing Hak Jun (HK) how to repair the bungee cords, he needs some education whether he wants it or not. HK is too proud, perhaps thinks anything going wrong is "losing face," this characteristic of Korean cultural mentality is ingrained and obvious from the start. Equipment choices can be a $5 bicycle purchased from a yard sale, panniers can be empty rice sacks and twine rope, anything that hauls camping equipment, the wheels don't fall off and stay true after hammering down the road. Hak Jun rides a late model Alton Mountain bike, Korean branded and built in China, this particular model has rim-applied V-brakes, mechanical cable actuated and they are basic, as are all the components on this Alton. Hak Jun has a set of Schwalbe Marathon tires, but they puncture easily and are well worn. Problems are in the wait for him, doesn't carry a spare chain, spare brake pads, spare brake/shifter cables -NOTHING. His friends have earlier model Blackcat's which are also 27-speed Shimano Deore/Alvio component mountain bikes, Korean branded and built in China. What is so different between these models then? Well, the Blackcat is a reliable mountain bike with higher grade components and some upgrades over the Alton mountain bike, namely the mechanical Shimano disc brakes and 160mm rotors. When we are together for the first time a few days ago at ATTILA BICYCLES, Miga Baaska -Mongolian-sponsored racer and part-time mechanic for the shop was assisting me, while I assisted these 3 Amigo Korean mountain bikers. When I completed the rear rack carrier and re-build them using a hybrid combination of two aluminum luggage carrier with steel connecting rods for supports, I asked for 3 sets of Shimano disc brake pads for them as well. Their brakes are as important as the wheels to move and stop moving while across the rough mountains of Mongolia. Visit the country once, ride for a few hours, you will know to think twice about bringing your spare parts along with you.

I built a reliable rack system for the student using the English name Chris.  Another rack was drilled on the night at ATTILA and assembled the following morning- June 28, 2012. I helped them prevent an inevitable breakdown, even suggesting they purchase spare brake pads. Since Shimano entry-level mechanical brake pads do wear out quickly on mountain terrain, I know this - since completing 10,000 kilometers of touring with the same model of Blackcat inside Korea before rebuilding it completely with components from a 2008 Gary Fisher Hifi Deluxe mountain bike, everything part except the frame applied to a 2008 Blackcat aluminum hardtail. (Thanks to AN DAE GI, Mechanic genius and sponsor of both expeditions in his workshop in South Korea). Of course, I know cheap mountain bikes, this is my domain for touring and general XC moutain biking too, I started out exactly that way many years ago. 

Miga Baaska provided 3 sets of brake pads for the 3 Koreans, although 2 of their bikes were disc equipped, one was actually V-brake equipped without seeing the bike, since the owner Hak Jun was already lounging carefree in the Seoul Hotel on Peace Avenue in Ulaanbaatar while his 2 colleagues were scrambling looking for replacement rear carriers at 2200 hours night! A little late for repairs! Until they met me of course, I give myself a pat on the back for helping them - thanks enough, and I found a safe place to sleep for the night. Tomorrow would be a very big day. If we can ride 100 kilometers out of the city without breaking down, hitting an open hole, or being hit by a car - we would be OKAY.

We leave UB behind, following Peace Avenue from the Seoul Hotel, since I am now in a race to keep with the group (they have telecommunications - Galaxy smartphones and we can communicate with my wife in Korea sending updated messages, I need to stick with them as long as possible until I replace my phone somewhere on the road). I knew from the short experience already in Mongolia, Day 1, June 27, 2012 - that I now need to shed as much weight as possible since the roads are horrible in the city, and rough off-road tracks will definitely be no better. In the hasty process of unloading equipment, losing the rear Ortlieb Rollerback classics and all the equipment and clothing inside (including 3/4 of my medical kit and accidentally my water purification systems x2!) I am ready to ride across Mongolia now, no matter what will stand in my way, nature, natural weather conditions and storms...basically, I had no idea (what I don't know at the start would become crucial and critical issues in the next six weeks ahead) all of the big adventure is yet to come, some say "Bring it on!" I just say, "I'm about ready, better get moving, times going, time to go!" My techniques for endurance mountain bike expeditions include: preparation with good quality components built by a licensed mechanic, solid tent/sleeping accessories, spare parts on tour, tools on tour, skills to repair or adjust as needed on expeditions, nutrition needs met, medic supplies, and a setup that I can be comfortable in the saddle for 8 hours a day - all all ingredients of adventure touring.

"Off we turned out onto the concrete roadwork, and quickly paced ourselves out of light traffic since it was early, about 0830 am and we have a whole day ahead of us, sunshine and good weather for a change since yesterday - things are definitely looking up ahead for us all."

Turning out from Peace Avenue onto the West highway, we are now leaving the dusty section of rough pavement and gravel around the factory complexes and rail yards, we are flying out of the concrete jungle into the green lush hills dotted with Ger camps on the hillsides surrounding, we are riding beneath an intensely lit sun dampened only by light dust and overcast smog on the horizon above the city. The breeze is warm and coming in from the northwest, keeping us comfortable and smooth rolling once the pavement begins. The blue skies are appearing from the dust as we ride out, a cloud behind settles down over the city of Ulaanbaatar - we have made it back to the journey.

We roll the smooth pavement and rise and fall from 1350 meters above sea level, the Great plains, the Steppe grasslands take over scenes in all directions. Sheep and goats herd together, and some scatter through the plateau as Nomadic herders ride horseback and keep their flock moving, munching and well exercised. We have a sun high above us at 1200 noon, we rest by a Tibetan Buddhist white stupa, a spiritual center of energy, we visit the memorial site and ride over broken glass, Genghis Gold vodka bottles have been consumed here, shots left as offerings, and the glass broken as prayers are sent.

We camp out riding up dirt tracks, we have grass fields in all directions, the sun slants forward West, it  sends orange glows across the landscape, as light tanned and white cows chew and grace the grassland around us. Boiling rice and ramen noodles, the Koreans set to enjoy kimchi-inspired instant noodles, I mix protein with water and snack on figs and apricots. The sunset swirls into the blue twilight, stars twinkle, coffee is brewed and shared between us, photos taken of the scene until the wind sweeps over the steppe and sends incantations and swills and moans from distant animals and passing herds through the night. The preparation to begin a long journey has now begun, irreversible dreams of the journey ahead begin to take root and rise to the surface at dawn.

Today, we awaken to fire the stove, boil rice and kimchi noodles, I take multi-vitamin supplements and protein, we pack and cycle while the air is cool, the wind is light and scenery and untouched. Across the highway we return from a kilometer away on the plains. We roll smooth and the journey is easy. 

Hak Jun descends after a large climb as the hills turn the altitude up, Mountains take the terrain higher and we speed down the other side. If this sums up the journey mountain bike touring in Mongolia - we are set to make incredible distances, it will be easy. Screeching metal comes together and wails from Hak Jun's front rim brake. We stop, we inspect and see there are no rubber pads left now. He has no spares, and those 3 sets they purchased earlier are useless to him, his bike unseen while rebuilding racks at ATTILA until 2400 hour were all disc, while Hak Jun lounged in his hotel room, I sat outdoors in the dirt with June and Chris, the Korean duo, while doing the rack replacements. In all, I spent 3 hours on their rack replacements customizing them to fit/reinforce them. However, even the foresight for extra brake pads was no use, since the V-brake pads were needed. Here, some 60-70 kilometers out of the central capital, what should we do?

I phoned Naran at ATTILA and asked for assistance. Naran needed some time to finish business at the shop, would make some phone calls, and then let us know. We were standing by the 60 kilometer "blue" marker, they are common on the first 100 kilometers out of Ulaanbaatar. Standing by the marker, I gave Naran our location - since we needed someone to send parts to us, he generously offered support - sending his wife and Miga in her new Toyota Prius on some very hard roads out of the capital. Going back to Ulaanbaatar was near-impossible for four of us, the intense traffic and roads there, it was truly an escape to finally be out - in one piece! We waited, they finally arrived and carried 10 liters of water, Shimano brake pads and extra spares, sunscreen - it was heavenly-I said a big "THANK YOU" and Hak Jun awkwardly mumbled, "thanks...how much?" and paid them solemnly. He was completely down about being rescued - I won't what was the matter with him, really???

We rolled out together, Chris and his friend June accompanied me, while Hak Jun possessed by a determination to get his "lost face" back, the hapless,  black bandana-clad Hak Jun went out to collect the sun darting away with his mountain bike, leaving 3 of us some 30-40 minutes behind. We found Hak Jun hours later, once the glowing amber sun danced it's path into out westward horizon, all the grassland was golden glow, we had survived and arrived at camp on day 3, our last night together.

On the 4th day of my 45 day expedition project of Mongolia, I would part ways with the Korean trio whom showed tremendous loyalty to their embarrassed "Dear Leader." A title of "Dear Leader" illuminates the Confucius persona in Asia, where a leader is hurt or embarrassed, his friends of the same background will continue to follow him loyally. One day he will be taught a lesson in life, if he learned nothing at all from my support and technical assistance at least we can record that the assistance of Naran, Miga, and the team at ATTILA Bicycles, Ulaanbaatar was tremendous support to our teams and THANK YOU for coming out to assist and support us all. That I do want to remember.

The Koreans were now on their own, following the route I shared with them, quite capable despite their serious technical problems. Although we came from the same society in Asia (South Korea) where I have worked for many years in English Foreign language university education, we were quite different in the way we socialize and accept help from others. I provided some skill when they needed it most. They rightly deserve the title, "The Desolation Angels" on the MongoliaX project. 

More adventure journals coming soon! These are my daily thoughts, reflections and experiences written while mountain bike touring across Outer Mongolia.

Thanks for visiting the Korean-World, a blog about Micro-Adventures, Cycling and Exploring from mountain bikes. Hope you enjoy these experiences too!






Mongolia X Journal 7 // Chasing dust // Mountains Rising // Desolation Angels, Part Two

X journals continue from my base, the Northface tadpole, a tent I have called home on the road since the summer of 2011 crossing western China (Uighur Autonomous Region, Tian Shan Mountains, Taklamakan Desert, Southern Silk Road to Karlick/Yecheng into the Aksai Chin Mountains and up to Kashgar. I kept using this reliable tent on through Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces, when I shared the tent with two Chinese cycle tourer friends I met who had sleeping bags without a tent, leaving our gear outside to the unknown passerby in the mountains of Yunnan, who would you find there, right? In the middle of the night, the three of us wedged into the 2-person tent, and snuggled up in our sleeping bags, managing two heads up and one head down, voices were roaming through the nylon tent tarp. I was rustled into action, with my blinding 250 lumen Cygolite, I went outside to see what was happening, two Sichuanese men were looking over our locked bikes in unison, under them were our panniers stuffed with electronics, clothing, camping gear - unsecured, apart from looping the locks we had through the bikes and through the pack straps and loops available there to accessorize it. 

These characters were only curious and slipped away over the mountain pass where they came. An hour later, we heard a car crash, Xavier from Shenzhen rose this time and went to find a drunk driver who swerved the corner, went on two wheels and overturned his car on it's side. He asked for assistance, others arrived at the scene and flipped the car over and he drove home. About 0330am, we heard voices for the third time this same night, when we looked outside our tent, there was a coach bus emptying all it's passengers who were squatting doing their business in the field all around us. I thought I saw it all on that one single night of bicycle touring in western China! 

That memory came from a long time ago now, distances and elevations changes, thousands of hours on the saddles going somewhere - this is adventure cycling, these are the kinds of memories that stay with you long after the ride is over, the destination is definitely not the journey itself - the memories, they you can keep over a lifetime.

In Mongolia, we are chasing dust since leaving the bustling capital, Ulaanbaatar. Immediately, this immense terrain greets you in the morning with a cool sun on your back, winds mild, and the scenery painted evergreen once you track yourself on the mountain bike due West out of the capital.

One of the Korean team, from a trio I met a few days ago, has had a flat, his bungee cords are stretched and frayed, with a loose pannier carrier pack by Merida loosely holding on to his rear luggage carrier rack. I stop and tie knots all over his bungee cords in the serviceable sections of the rope, I cut away the fray rubber strands dangling like a pack of pasta. This rider is unprepared, has the latest $1000 smart phone, solar charger, but his MTB is tired and underserviced as are his attachment choices that keep critical gear from "falling away" on the ride. 

I lent a hand today, showing Hak Jun (HK) how to repair the bungee cords, he needs some education whether he wants it or not. HK is too proud, perhaps thinks anything going wrong is "losing face," this characteristic of Korean cultural mentality is ingrained and obvious from the start. Equipment choices can be a $5 bicycle purchased from a yard sale, panniers can be empty rice sacks and twine rope, anything that hauls camping equipment, the wheels don't fall off and stay true after hammering down the road. Hak Jun rides a late model Alton Mountain bike, Korean branded and built in China, this particular model has rim-applied V-brakes, mechanical cable actuated and they are basic, as are all the components on this Alton. Hak Jun has a set of Schwalbe Marathon tires, but they puncture easily and are well worn. Problems are in the wait for him, doesn't carry a spare chain, spare brake pads, spare brake/shifter cables -NOTHING. His friends have earlier model Blackcat's which are also 27-speed Shimano Deore/Alvio component mountain bikes, Korean branded and built in China. What is so different between these models then? Well, the Blackcat is a reliable mountain bike with higher grade components and some upgrades over the Alton mountain bike, namely the mechanical Shimano disc brakes and 160mm rotors. When we are together for the first time a few days ago at ATTILA BICYCLES, Miga Baaska -Mongolian-sponsored racer and part-time mechanic for the shop was assisting me, while I assisted these 3 Amigo Korean mountain bikers. When I completed the rear rack carrier and re-build them using a hybrid combination of two aluminum luggage carrier with steel connecting rods for supports, I asked for 3 sets of Shimano disc brake pads for them as well. Their brakes are as important as the wheels to move and stop moving while across the rough mountains of Mongolia. Visit the country once, ride for a few hours, you will know to think twice about bringing your spare parts along with you.

I built a reliable rack system for the student using the English name Chris.  Another rack was drilled on the night at ATTILA and assembled the following morning- June 28, 2012. I helped them prevent an inevitable breakdown, even suggesting they purchase spare brake pads. Since Shimano entry-level mechanical brake pads do wear out quickly on mountain terrain, I know this - since completing 10,000 kilometers of touring with the same model of Blackcat inside Korea before rebuilding it completely with components from a 2008 Gary Fisher Hifi Deluxe mountain bike, everything part except the frame applied to a 2008 Blackcat aluminum hardtail. (Thanks to AN DAE GI, Mechanic genius and sponsor of both expeditions in his workshop in South Korea). Of course, I know cheap mountain bikes, this is my domain for touring and general XC moutain biking too, I started out exactly that way many years ago. 

Miga Baaska provided 3 sets of brake pads for the 3 Koreans, although 2 of their bikes were disc equipped, one was actually V-brake equipped without seeing the bike, since the owner Hak Jun was already lounging carefree in the Seoul Hotel on Peace Avenue in Ulaanbaatar while his 2 colleagues were scrambling looking for replacement rear carriers at 2200 hours night! A little late for repairs! Until they met me of course, I give myself a pat on the back for helping them - thanks enough, and I found a safe place to sleep for the night. Tomorrow would be a very big day. If we can ride 100 kilometers out of the city without breaking down, hitting an open hole, or being hit by a car - we would be OKAY.

We leave UB behind, following Peace Avenue from the Seoul Hotel, since I am now in a race to keep with the group (they have telecommunications - Galaxy smartphones and we can communicate with my wife in Korea sending updated messages, I need to stick with them as long as possible until I replace my phone somewhere on the road). I knew from the short experience already in Mongolia, Day 1, June 27, 2012 - that I now need to shed as much weight as possible since the roads are horrible in the city, and rough off-road tracks will definitely be no better. In the hasty process of unloading equipment, losing the rear Ortlieb Rollerback classics and all the equipment and clothing inside (including 3/4 of my medical kit and accidentally my water purification systems x2!) I am ready to ride across Mongolia now, no matter what will stand in my way, nature, natural weather conditions and storms...basically, I had no idea (what I don't know at the start would become crucial and critical issues in the next six weeks ahead) all of the big adventure is yet to come, some say "Bring it on!" I just say, "I'm about ready, better get moving, times going, time to go!" My techniques for endurance mountain bike expeditions include: preparation with good quality components built by a licensed mechanic, solid tent/sleeping accessories, spare parts on tour, tools on tour, skills to repair or adjust as needed on expeditions, nutrition needs met, medic supplies, and a setup that I can be comfortable in the saddle for 8 hours a day - all all ingredients of adventure touring.

"Off we turned out onto the concrete roadwork, and quickly paced ourselves out of light traffic since it was early, about 0830 am and we have a whole day ahead of us, sunshine and good weather for a change since yesterday - things are definitely looking up ahead for us all."

Turning out from Peace Avenue onto the West highway, we are now leaving the dusty section of rough pavement and gravel around the factory complexes and rail yards, we are flying out of the concrete jungle into the green lush hills dotted with Ger camps on the hillsides surrounding, we are riding beneath an intensely lit sun dampened only by light dust and overcast smog on the horizon above the city. The breeze is warm and coming in from the northwest, keeping us comfortable and smooth rolling once the pavement begins. The blue skies are appearing from the dust as we ride out, a cloud behind settles down over the city of Ulaanbaatar - we have made it back to the journey.

We roll the smooth pavement and rise and fall from 1350 meters above sea level, the Great plains, the Steppe grasslands take over scenes in all directions. Sheep and goats herd together, and some scatter through the plateau as Nomadic herders ride horseback and keep their flock moving, munching and well exercised. We have a sun high above us at 1200 noon, we rest by a Tibetan Buddhist white stupa, a spiritual center of energy, we visit the memorial site and ride over broken glass, Genghis Gold vodka bottles have been consumed here, shots left as offerings, and the glass broken as prayers are sent.

We camp out riding up dirt tracks, we have grass fields in all directions, the sun slants forward West, it  sends orange glows across the landscape, as light tanned and white cows chew and grace the grassland around us. Boiling rice and ramen noodles, the Koreans set to enjoy kimchi-inspired instant noodles, I mix protein with water and snack on figs and apricots. The sunset swirls into the blue twilight, stars twinkle, coffee is brewed and shared between us, photos taken of the scene until the wind sweeps over the steppe and sends incantations and swills and moans from distant animals and passing herds through the night. The preparation to begin a long journey has now begun, irreversible dreams of the journey ahead begin to take root and rise to the surface at dawn.

Today, we awaken to fire the stove, boil rice and kimchi noodles, I take multi-vitamin supplements and protein, we pack and cycle while the air is cool, the wind is light and scenery and untouched. Across the highway we return from a kilometer away on the plains. We roll smooth and the journey is easy. 

Hak Jun descends after a large climb as the hills turn the altitude up, Mountains take the terrain higher and we speed down the other side. If this sums up the journey mountain bike touring in Mongolia - we are set to make incredible distances, it will be easy. Screeching metal comes together and wails from Hak Jun's front rim brake. We stop, we inspect and see there are no rubber pads left now. He has no spares, and those 3 sets they purchased earlier are useless to him, his bike unseen while rebuilding racks at ATTILA until 2400 hour were all disc, while Hak Jun lounged in his hotel room, I sat outdoors in the dirt with June and Chris, the Korean duo, while doing the rack replacements. In all, I spent 3 hours on their rack replacements customizing them to fit/reinforce them. However, even the foresight for extra brake pads was no use, since the V-brake pads were needed. Here, some 60-70 kilometers out of the central capital, what should we do?

I phoned Naran at ATTILA and asked for assistance. Naran needed some time to finish business at the shop, would make some phone calls, and then let us know. We were standing by the 60 kilometer "blue" marker, they are common on the first 100 kilometers out of Ulaanbaatar. Standing by the marker, I gave Naran our location - since we needed someone to send parts to us, he generously offered support - sending his wife and Miga in her new Toyota Prius on some very hard roads out of the capital. Going back to Ulaanbaatar was near-impossible for four of us, the intense traffic and roads there, it was truly an escape to finally be out - in one piece! We waited, they finally arrived and carried 10 liters of water, Shimano brake pads and extra spares, sunscreen - it was heavenly-I said a big "THANK YOU" and Hak Jun awkwardly mumbled, "thanks...how much?" and paid them solemnly. He was completely down about being rescued - I won't what was the matter with him, really???

We rolled out together, Chris and his friend June accompanied me, while Hak Jun possessed by a determination to get his "lost face" back, the hapless,  black bandana-clad Hak Jun went out to collect the sun darting away with his mountain bike, leaving 3 of us some 30-40 minutes behind. We found Hak Jun hours later, once the glowing amber sun danced it's path into out westward horizon, all the grassland was golden glow, we had survived and arrived at camp on day 3, our last night together.

On the 4th day of my 45 day expedition project of Mongolia, I would part ways with the Korean trio whom showed tremendous loyalty to their embarrassed "Dear Leader." A title of "Dear Leader" illuminates the Confucius persona in Asia, where a leader is hurt or embarrassed, his friends of the same background will continue to follow him loyally. One day he will be taught a lesson in life, if he learned nothing at all from my support and technical assistance at least we can record that the assistance of Naran, Miga, and the team at ATTILA Bicycles, Ulaanbaatar was tremendous support to our teams and THANK YOU for coming out to assist and support us all. That I do want to remember.

The Koreans were now on their own, following the route I shared with them, quite capable despite their serious technical problems. Although we came from the same society in Asia (South Korea) where I have worked for many years in English Foreign language university education, we were quite different in the way we socialize and accept help from others. I provided some skill when they needed it most. They rightly deserve the title, "The Desolation Angels" on the MongoliaX project. 

More adventure journals coming soon! These are my daily thoughts, reflections and experiences written while mountain bike touring across Outer Mongolia.

Thanks for visiting the Korean-World, a blog about Micro-Adventures, Cycling and Exploring from mountain bikes. Hope you enjoy these experiences too!






Sunday, December 23, 2012

HimalayasX2011 - Sino-Tibetan Yak Herders camp, 4028 meters, south of Jolong

                               South bound in Sichuan Kham China

South of a landslide, Jolong, Sichuan, China. I met a Sino (grandfather) Tibetan (grandmother) and their daughter and grnadchildren on their yak herd camp. We were situated at 4000 meters above sea level. This was part of my HimalayasX2011 expedition project for western China.
Video is raw, unedited. 20 minutes into the filming, the grandmother is preparing her hand churn, which separates the yak butter milk and the cream, the latter is turned into a sour dough yak yogurt.
I support IDEAS, Intestinal Disease Education & Awareness Sociey, Canada
nogutsknowglory.com
In partnership with, ETE, Education Through Expeditions
etehome.org

HimalayasX2011 - Sino-Tibetan Yak Herders camp, 4028 meters, south of Jolong

                               South bound in Sichuan Kham China

South of a landslide, Jolong, Sichuan, China. I met a Sino (grandfather) Tibetan (grandmother) and their daughter and grnadchildren on their yak herd camp. We were situated at 4000 meters above sea level. This was part of my HimalayasX2011 expedition project for western China.
Video is raw, unedited. 20 minutes into the filming, the grandmother is preparing her hand churn, which separates the yak butter milk and the cream, the latter is turned into a sour dough yak yogurt.
I support IDEAS, Intestinal Disease Education & Awareness Sociey, Canada
nogutsknowglory.com
In partnership with, ETE, Education Through Expeditions
etehome.org

HimalayasX2011 - Sino-Tibetan Yak Herders camp, 4028 meters, south of Jolong

                               South bound in Sichuan Kham China

South of a landslide, Jolong, Sichuan, China. I met a Sino (grandfather) Tibetan (grandmother) and their daughter and grnadchildren on their yak herd camp. We were situated at 4000 meters above sea level. This was part of my HimalayasX2011 expedition project for western China.
Video is raw, unedited. 20 minutes into the filming, the grandmother is preparing her hand churn, which separates the yak butter milk and the cream, the latter is turned into a sour dough yak yogurt.
I support IDEAS, Intestinal Disease Education & Awareness Sociey, Canada
nogutsknowglory.com
In partnership with, ETE, Education Through Expeditions
etehome.org

Wednesday, June 13, 2012

HimalayasX2011: by Brian Peric /// Adventure Cycling in MongoliaX2012




MongoliaX2012 Solo Independent Expedition. Location: Outer Mongolia. 
Transportation: Mountain bike.  
Equipment: Self-supported, Water-purification, Solar-power, 27-speed MTB, Self-support First Aid, SPOT GPS tracking, GPS Navigation/maps. Duration: 50 days. 
Method: Improvisation 
Distance: TBD. 
 In partnership with ETE, Education Through Expeditions, UK. Details to follow. 
Description of Mongolia follows:
Climate:
desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)
Terrain:
vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central
Natural hazards:
dust storms, grassland and forest fires, drought, and “zud,” which is harsh winter conditions
Environment – current issues:
limited natural fresh water resources in some areas; the policies of former Communist regimes promoted rapid urbanization and industrial growth that had negative effects on the environment; the burning of soft coal in power plants and the lack of enforcement of environmental laws severely polluted the air in Ulaanbaatar; deforestation, overgrazing, and the converting of virgin land to agricultural production increased soil erosion from wind and rain; desertification and mining activities had a deleterious effect on the environment
Environment -
international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography – note:
landlocked; strategic location between China and Russia
PeopleMongolia
Population:
2,791,272 (July 2005 est.)
IntroductionMongolia
Background:
The Mongols gained fame in the 13th century when under Chinggis KHAN they conquered a huge Eurasian empire. After his death the empire was divided into several powerful Mongol states, but these broke apart in the 14th century. The Mongols eventually retired to their original steppe homelands and later came under Chinese rule. Mongolia won its independence in 1921 with Soviet backing. A Communist regime was installed in 1924. During the early 1990s, the ex-Communist Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party (MPRP) gradually yielded its monopoly on power to the Democratic Union Coalition (DUC), which defeated the MPRP in a national election in 1996. Since then, parliamentary elections returned the MPRP overwhelmingly to power in 2000 and produced a coalition government in 2004.
GeographyMongolia
Location:
Northern Asia, between China and Russia
Geographic coordinates:
46 00 N, 105 00 E
Map references:
Asia
Area:
total: 1,564,116 sq km
Area – comparative:
slightly smaller than Alaska
Land boundaries:
total: 8,220 km
border countries: China 4,677 km, Russia 3,543 km
Coastline:
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
none (landlocked)
Climate:
desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)
Terrain:
vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Hoh Nuur 518 m
highest point: Nayramadlin Orgil (Huyten Orgil) 4,374 m
Natural resources:
oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron
Land use:
arable land: 0.77%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 99.23% (2001)
Irrigated land:
840 sq km (1998 est.)
Natural hazards:
dust storms, grassland and forest fires, drought, and “zud,” which is harsh winter conditions
Environment – current issues:
limited natural fresh water resources in some areas; the policies of former Communist regimes promoted rapid urbanization and industrial growth that had negative effects on the environment; the burning of soft coal in power plants and the lack of enforcement of environmental laws severely polluted the air in Ulaanbaatar; deforestation, overgrazing, and the converting of virgin land to agricultural production increased soil erosion from wind and rain; desertification and mining activities had a deleterious effect on the environment
Environment – international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography – note:
landlocked; strategic location between China and Russia
PeopleMongolia
Population:
2,791,272 (July 2005 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 28.7% (male 407,547/female 392,440)
15-64 years: 67.7% (male 943,418/female 945,063)
65 years and over: 3.7% (male 44,413/female 58,391) (2005 est.)
Median age:
total: 24.28 years
male: 23.93 years
female: 24.64 years (2005 est.)
Population growth rate:
1.45% (2005 est.)
Birth rate:
21.52 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Death rate:
7.03 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Net migration rate:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 53.79 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 57.25 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 50.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 64.52 years
male: 62.3 years
female: 66.86 years (2005 est.)
Total fertility rate:
2.26 children born/woman (2005 est.)
HIV/AIDS – adult prevalence rate:
less than 0.1% (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS – people living with HIV/AIDS:
less than 500 (2003 est)
HIV/AIDS – deaths:
less than 200 (2003 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Mongolian(s)
adjective: Mongolian
Ethnic groups:
Mongol (mostly Khalkha) 94.9%, Turkic (mostly Kazakh) 5%, other (including Chinese and Russian) 0.1% (2000)
Religions:
Buddhist Lamaist 50%, none 40%, Shamanist and Christian 6%, Muslim 4% (2004)
Languages:
Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian (1999)
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97.8%
male: 98%
female: 97.5% (2002)
GovernmentMongolia
Country name:
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Mongolia
local long form: none
local short form: Mongol Uls
former: Outer Mongolia
Government type:
mixed parliamentary/presidential
Capital:
Ulaanbaatar
Administrative divisions:
21 provinces (aymguud, singular – aymag) and 1 municipality* (singular – hot); Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy, Bulgan, Darhan Uul, Dornod, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan, Govi-Altay, Govi-Sumber, Hentiy, Hovd, Hovsgol, Omnogovi, Orhon, Ovorhangay, Selenge, Suhbaatar, Tov, Ulaanbaatar*, Uvs
Independence:
11 July 1921 (from China)
National holiday:
Independence Day/Revolution Day, 11 July (1921)
Constitution:
12 February 1992
Legal system:
blend of Soviet, German, and US systems that combine “continental” or “civil” code and case-precedent; constitution ambiguous on judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Nambaryn ENKHBAYAR (since 24 June 2005)
head of government: Prime Minister Tsakhi ELBEGDORJ (since 20 August 2004); Deputy Prime Minister Chultem ULAAN (since 28 September 2004)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the State Great Hural (parliament) in consultation with the president
elections: presidential candidates nominated by political parties represented in State Great Hural and elected by popular vote for a four-year term; presidential tenure limited to two four-year terms; election last held 22 May 2005 (next to be held in May 2009); following legislative elections, leader of majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by State Great Hural
election results: Nambaryn ENKHBAYAR elected president; percent of vote – Nambaryn ENKHBAYAR (MPRP) 53.44%, Mendsaikhanin ENKHSAIKHAN (DP) 20.05%, Bazarsadyn JARGALSAIKHAN (MRP) 13.92%, Badarchyn ERDENEBAT (M-MNSDP) 12.59%; Tsakhi ELBEGDORJ elected prime minister by the State Great Hural 74 to 0
Legislative branch:
unicameral State Great Hural 76 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms
elections: last held 27 June 2004 (next to be held in June 2008)
election results: percent of vote by party – MPRP 48.78%, MDC 44.8%, independents 3.5%, Republican Party 1.5%, others 1.42%; seats by party – MPRP 36, MDC 34, others 4; note – following June 2004 election, two seats in dispute and unoccupied
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court (serves as appeals court for people’s and provincial courts but rarely overturns verdicts of lower courts; judges are nominated by the General Council of Courts and approved by the president)
Political parties and leaders:
Citizens’ Will Republican Party or CWRP (also called Civil Courage Republican Party or CCRP) [Sanjaasurengiin OYUN]; Democratic Party or DP [R. GONCHIKDORJ]; Motherland-Mongolian New Socialist Democratic Party or M-MNSDP [Badarchyn ERDENEBAT]; Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party or MPRP [Nambaryn ENKHBAYAR]; Mongolian Republican Party or MRP [Bazarsadyn JARGALSAIKHAN]
note: DP and M-MNSDP formed Motherland-Democracy Coalition (MDC) in 2003 and with CWRP contested June 2004 elections as single party; MDC’s leadership dissolved coalition in December 2004
Political pressure groups and leaders:
NA
International organization participation:
ARF, AsDB, CP, EBRD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OPCW, OSCE (partner), SCO (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Ravdangiyn BOLD
chancery: 2833 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007
telephone: [1] (202) 333-7117
FAX: [1] (202) 298-9227
consulate(s) general: New York
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Pamela J. SLUTZ
embassy: Micro Region 11, Big Ring Road, C.P.O. 1021, Ulaanbaatar 13
mailing address: PSC 461, Box 300, FPO AP 96521-0002
telephone: [976] (11) 329095
FAX: [976] (11) 320776
Flag description:
three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), blue, and red; centered on the hoist-side red band in yellow is the national emblem (“soyombo” – a columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric representation for fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and the yin-yang symbol)
EconomyMongolia
Economy – overview:
Economic activity in Mongolia has traditionally been based on herding and agriculture. Mongolia has extensive mineral deposits; copper, coal, molybdenum, tin, tungsten and gold account for a large part of industrial production. Soviet assistance, at its height one-third of GDP, disappeared almost overnight in 1990 and 1991 at the time of the dismantlement of the USSR. The following decade saw Mongolia endure both deep recession due to political inaction and natural disasters, as well as economic growth due to reform embracing free-market economics and extensive privatization of the formerly state-run economy. Severe winters and summer droughts in 2000, 2001, and 2002 resulted in massive livestock die-off and zero or negative GDP growth. This was compounded by falling prices for Mongolia’s primary sector exports and widespread opposition to privatization. Growth improved from 2002 at 4% to 2003 at 5%, due largely to high copper prices and new gold production, with the government claiming a 10.6% growth rate for 2004 that is unconfirmed. Mongolia’s economy continues to be heavily impacted by its neighbors. For example, Mongolia purchases 80% of its petroleum products and a substantial amount of electric power from Russia, leaving it vulnerable to price increases. China is Mongolia’s chief export partner and a main source of the “shadow” or “grey” economy. The World Bank and other international financial institutions estimate the grey economy to be at least equal to that of the official economy. The actual size of this grey – largely cash – economy is difficult to calculate since the money does not pass through the hands of tax authorities or the banking sector. Remittances from Mongolians working abroad both legally and illegally constitute a sizeable portion. Money laundering is growing as an accompanying concern. Mongolia settled its $11 billion debt with Russia at the end of 2003 on very favorable terms. Mongolia, which joined the World Trade Organization in 1997, seeks to expand its participation and integration into Asian regional economic and trade regimes.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$5.332 billion (2004 est.)
GDP – real growth rate:
10.6% according to official estimate (2004 est.)
GDP – per capita:
purchasing power parity – $1,900 (2004 est.)
GDP – composition by sector:
agriculture: 20.6%
industry: 21.4%
services: 58% (2003 est.)
Labor force:
1.488 million (2003)
Labor force – by occupation:
herding/agriculture 42%, mining 4%, manufacturing 6%, trade 14%, services 29%, public sector 5%, other 3.7% (2003)
Unemployment rate:
6.7% (2003)
Population below poverty line:
36.1% (2004 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 2.1%
highest 10%: 37% (1995)
Distribution of family income – Gini index:
44 (1998)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
11% (2004 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $582 million
expenditures: $602 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Agriculture – products:
wheat, barley, vegetables, forage crops, sheep, goats, cattle, camels, horses
Industries:
construction and construction materials; mining (coal, copper, molybdenum, fluorspar, and gold); oil; food and beverages; processing of animal products, cashmere and natural fiber manufacturing
Industrial production growth rate:
4.1% (2002 est.)
Electricity – production:
2.692 billion kWh (2004 est.)
Electricity – production by source:
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (2001)
Electricity – consumption:
2.209 billion kWh (2004 est.)
Electricity – exports:
8.2 million kWh (2004 est.)
Electricity – imports:
130.5 million kWh (2004 est.)
Oil – production:
542 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Oil – consumption:
11,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Oil – exports:
497 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Oil – imports:
11,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Exports:
$853 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Exports – commodities:
copper, apparel, livestock, animal products, cashmere, wool, hides, fluorspar, other nonferrous metals
Exports – partners:
China 47.8%, US 17.9%, UK 15.7% (2004)
Imports:
$1 billion c.i.f. (2004 est.)
Imports – commodities:
machinery and equipment, fuel, cars, food products, industrial consumer goods, chemicals, building materials, sugar, tea
Imports – partners:
Russia 33.3%, China 23.6%, Japan 7.4%, South Korea 6%, US 4.6% (2004)
Debt – external:
$1.191 billion (2004 est.)
Economic aid – recipient:
$215 million (2003)
Currency (code):
togrog/tugrik (MNT)
Currency code:
MNT
Exchange rates:
togrogs/tugriks per US dollar – 1,185.3 (2004), 1,146.5 (2003), 1,110.3 (2002), 1,097.7 (2001), 1,076.7 (2000)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
CommunicationsMongolia
Telephones – main lines in use:
142,300 (2004)
Telephones – mobile cellular:
404,400 (2004)
Telephone system:
general assessment: network is improving with international direct dialing available in many areas
domestic: very low density of about 6.5 telephones for each thousand persons; two wireless providers cover all but two provinces
international: country code – 976; satellite earth station – 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean Region)
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 7, FM 62, shortwave 3 (2004)
Radios:
155,900 (1999)
Television broadcast stations:
52 (plus 21 provincial repeaters and many low power repeaters) (2004)
Televisions:
168,800 (1999)
Internet country code:
.mn
Internet hosts:
1,000 (2004)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
5 (2001)
Internet users:
220,000 (2004)
TransportationMongolia
Railways:
total: 1,810 km
broad gauge: 1,810 km 1.524-m gauge (2004)
Highways:
total: 49,256 km
paved: 8,874 km
unpaved: 40,376 km (2002)
Waterways:
580 km
note: only waterway in operation is Lake Khovsgol (135 km); Selenge River (270 km) and Orkhon River (175 km) are navigable but carry little traffic; lakes and rivers freeze in winter, are open from May to September (2004)
Merchant marine:
total: 65 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 339,423 GRT/533,853 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 6, cargo 54, liquefied gas 2, passenger/cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1
foreign-owned: 38 (China 2, Lebanon 1, Philippines 1, Russia 10, Singapore 10, South Korea 1, Syria 1, Thailand 1, Ukraine 1, UAE 4, Vietnam 6) (2005)
Airports:
46 (2004 est.)
Airports – with paved runways:
total: 15
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 11
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Airports – with unpaved runways:
total: 31
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 18
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Heliports:
2 (2004 est.)
MilitaryMongolia
Military branches:
Mongolian Armed Forces: Mongolian People’s Army (MPA), Mongolian People’s Air Force (MPAF) (2005)
Military service age and obligation:
18-25 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation – 12 months (2004)
Manpower available for military service:
males age 18-49: 736,182 (2005 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 18-49: 570,435 (2005 est.)
Manpower reaching military service age annually:
males: 34,674 (2005 est.)
Military expenditures – dollar figure:
$23.1 million (FY02)
Military expenditures – percent of GDP:
2.2% (FY02)
Transnational IssuesMongolia
Disputes – international:
none